Political Cartoons Essay Examples - Dont Let Time Keep You From Using Cartoons As Resources For Your Essay

Political Cartoons Essay Examples - Don't Let Time Keep You From Using Cartoons As Resources For Your EssayNowadays there are a lot of sources for political cartoons. On the other hand you also have sources for professional essays. Sometimes students really don't have time to analyze all sources in a fast way.What's worse is that it is not very comfortable to sit and read a work, while you have some other things on your mind. And the worst thing is that no one ever thought about when you need to use these resources - before you ever needed them. Below are some examples of such cases.In school, you have different kinds of things like - APs, college, theses, etc. It all depends on the topic of the term. If you happen to study technical subjects, you might need to use your own original works, while you can also ask the tutor for help if necessary.On the other hand, if you are looking for a place to get a job, you have the option of going to a formal college or an online university. In s chool, you need to prepare your own papers. But there are several resources out there that you can use - like as an essay samples.You can choose to use one of these papers. Of course, you are free to edit or add to them. If you like it, make it better, if you don't like it, make it better.At least you have the option of using these essay samples. Most likely, you cannot consider it as a resource, since it isn't - so you have to turn to the web for them. It's also a good way to learn from an expert, since you can find lots of articles about cartoons on education.So, I recommend that you at least consider including some cartoons articles in your studies, as it can help you with a lot of things. Just remember - don't hesitate to use them as a resource, when you need. Most of the time, students just don't have time to analyze all sources in a fast way.

The Manhattan Project Essays (1139 words) - Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was and is still one of the most secretive projects ever created in United States history. The purpose of the Manhattan Project was simple: to build; test; and unleash its power if necessary. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves were the two men put in charge of this mission. These two men along with the top scientists from around the country were brought together to construct the most deadliest thing known to man. The project originated in the Pentagon in 1942 when General Groves was told, by the White House, he was to lead the Manhattan Project. World War II had already been raged for three years when the Nazis, after being victorious in Europe, declared war on the United States. This was nine months after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. In September of that year, Groves, met with Leo Szilard and asked him if making the atomic bomb was possible. Leo told him how an atomic bomb would work, but also that it is impossible to build. General Groves only wanted to hear that an atomic bomb was conceivable in theory and then he knew to start the project. In October of 1942 Groves went to California to meet with Robert Oppenheimer, one of the most brilliant scientists in the country. Groves informed Oppenheimer that he had been selected to lead the expedition on trying to invent the atomic bomb. Oppenheimer immediately started preparing by telling Groves that they needed an isolated area with one ringmaster(Oppenheimer). General Groves was in charge of the military or security part of the project, while Oppenheimer was in charge of the organization of the scientists and ideas. At times, Oppenhiemer and Grooves had some nasty arguments over policies. Even though Groves was the one who reported to Washington, Oppenheimer had more power and Groves was aware of this. If they had a disagreement, Oppenheimer would threaten to leave the project and take his scientists with him. Groves knew if this occurred then the project would never be finished. So, Grooves most always ended up agreeing or letting Oppenheimer do what ever he wanted to do. In April of 1943, this isolated area was being build in Las Alamos, New Mexico. The borders consisted of barbed wire fence accompanied by guard dogs. Many laboratories, storage buildings, shelters, hospitals, dining halls, and other buildings were found inside these borders, also. One thing that was not found inside these borders though was women, not even wives of the scientists. No scientist was allowed to talk to anyone outside the camp about what they see, hear, taste, or even smell. Everything they knew belonged to the army now. Everything they knew from here on was highly confidential. There job was to create the atomic bomb and to do nothing else but that. They were to refer to bomb as the gadget or devise for security reasons. The scientists were given 19 months to complete their mission. Most of them complained that it could not be done, that it was not enough time. Under the leadership of Oppenheimer the work and research began. After several days, their work got them no where. They were faced with the problems such as weight, velocity, and detonation. To make such a bomb they needed materials heaving enough to weight tip the biggest cranes in the world. Late one night, while eating an orange and talking to another scientist, Seth Neddermeyer (a scientist) thought of an idea called implosion. He got the idea from the orange he was eating. This was probably the one idea that the atomic bomb is centered around. Without implosion, the atomic bomb could not be created. When he squeezed the orange, juice squirted out or an outwards explosion. If you can reverse this process, then the explosion goes in creating a even bigger force. This theory applies to Plutonium. Implosion occurs causing a chain reaction which in return causes an outwards explosion. If an inwards explosion occurred the Plutonium atoms would split apart creating the biggest explosion known to man. The problem was now creating an inward explosion. By this time, turmoil started to arise inside the camp. Many scientists began complaining about the drastic security measures that were being taken. Things such as the guard dogs and the FBI talking to the families of the scientists bothered them greatly. Also the scientists feared that Germany was ahead of them in creating the bomb. Not helping the situation, Oppenheimer had an affair with a Communist woman named Jean who he had known for quite some time. The army learned of

CLC Bioterrorism Essays

CLC Bioterrorism Essays CLC Bioterrorism Essay CLC Bioterrorism Essay CLC Bioterrorism Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date: CLC Bioterrorism Part 1: You will assess the value of quarantine and isolation in controlling disease due to biological terrorism. Use a specific example to support your position. Bioterrorism is defined as the intentional discharge of biological agents with the sole intention of causing harm such as disease or death on a target population. In the event of a bioterrorism threat materializing, state authorities as well as the health authority are responsible for directing and ensuring that affected and infected individuals to get relevant and adequate treatment. Quarantine is also necessary in instances of communicable diseases, which have been brought into the country with the aim of making the population ill (National Association of County and City Health Officials, 2006). Quarantine is described as the process of compulsory isolation of individuals in part of the population with the aim of curbing the spread of dangerous diseases or epidemics. This is actualized by physical separation of individuals who latter receive treatment and further tests for the presupposed conditions. During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic, authorities around the world ensured the presence of quarantines in their respective countries with the aim of curbing the spread of the deadly disease. People were subjected to strict quarantine measures with the aim of ensuring that they were in no position to be exposed to those who had not yet contracted the disease (Riley, 2003). Despite the criticism over the restrictive approaches used, this proved to be an advantage as it prevented the spread of a deadly disease that could have infected and eventually killed many people. In addition, isolation is also paramount if individuals exhibit signs of communicable disease, which is deadly to any population, they are quarantined as treated to ensure that the disease does not recur and eventually infect other individuals. Isolation is enforced by state and federal offices with an aim curbing spread of the disease and gaining adequate information about the disease and its traits. Information about biological agents could only be attained through adequate and constant studies of the disease under restrictive conditions such as isolation. Such enables the state and federal laws to develop countermeasures of suppressing the biological agents and the spread of the same. In addition, information about the disease or biological agents is also vital for the organization as i t helps in the development of medicine for neutralizing and reducing the effects of the disease. Part 2: You will list some major factors that emergency managers and public health planners must consider when including quarantine and isolation in public health emergency response plans. The spread of any biological agents is a cause of worry for the population. Hence, governments’ agencies are usually tasked with ensuring that individuals are safe from harm or threats from such agents. Quarantine and isolation is executed with the various considerations in mind. Among such considerations are the legal issues at hand in terms of the individual rights due to involuntary holding of an individual who is considered as a health risk to the country. In addition, health agencies medical practitioners and emergency health agencies should also put into consideration the need for declaration of the spread of the biological agents as an emergency to the state. Such requires adequate legal framework to follow the required processes to ensure that the announcement of an emergency is done so with surety that the biological agent infections amount to such (American Medical Association Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 2008). Furthermore, the means of ensuring adequate restriction should be of adequate consideration to the various legal and individual needs of the populace. Furthermore, restrictions should be in agreement with the infected individual through signatures for the eventual development of binging agreements with the infected of potentially infected individuals. The initial process to quarantine and isolation is usually defined in legal statues of health and emergency agencies. Such ensures that these agencies have a definition of what amounts to use of quarantine and isolation for the suppression of the biological agents. Moreover, considerations such as individual privacy in the event of hospital or institutional quarantine should also be considered to ensure that individuals are able to conduct their private affairs without any fear or invasion of privacy. References American Medical Association Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. (2008). Code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association: Current opinions with annotations. Chicago: AMA Press. National Association of County and City Health Officials. (January 2006). â€Å"Issues to Consider: Isolation and Quarantine.† Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition. Riley, S., Fraser, C., Donnelly, C. A., Ghani, A. C., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Hedley, A. J., Leung, G. M., . Anderson, R. M. (January 01, 2003). â€Å"Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions.† Science, 300, (5627).

ECE440 Week4Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ECE440 Week4Discussion - Essay Example Working with children requires an understanding of the best methods of attaining their attention. The idea is to get the most essential attributes that will precisely provide children with a higher chance of remembering what they are taught. Essentially, the demands of these children are pegged on the ability to reach out to the structures intended to remind them of what they read, and have a view of what they are learning (Shores, & Grace, 2005). This is a great way of ensuring the students do understand what they learn, and capitalize on their ability to memorize the pictures. It also reduces the processing demands of semantic information, reducing the complexity of the information attained. It also improves the children’s ability to learn strategically, with an emphasis placed on their communication skills, reading and writing capabilities, as well as analytical creative and critical thinking skills (Atkins-Burnett, & Meisels, 2005). The constructions of such patterns in th eir minds provide a greater understanding of the thinking constructs that define the results

Television Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Television - Research Paper Example San Francisco and its sights were incorporated very well in the show, as locations in the city were shown each episode and given the emphasis and focus on the city itself and its popular locations. Another show that was shot in San Francisco was a reality show called "The Real World: San Francisco" and featured various people from the city living together for a few months in a sealed house and being followed and monitored by cameras. The city itself was clearly not incorporated in the show, but the mentality of the city and its residents was expressed as all of the contestants were local. A show called MythBusters was also filmed in San Francisco. It was a popular science program that focused on urban legends, popular beliefs, rumors and other myths. In each episode, the cast would focus on one or more of those and go out to try and prove or disprove them. The locations the crew went to were all in San Francisco, but the city doesnt play a major role in the show. Contrary to these shows, many shows have been filmed in other locations, mainly Los Angeles or Vancouver for example, but "took place" in San Francisco. In other words, the plot was about the city of San Francisco, while the show wasnt actually shot in the city. For example, the popular show Charmed was filmed in Los Angeles but also featured opening and closing shots of San Francisco, especially the Golden Gate Bridge and skyscrapers in the city. The show was about three sisters who were witches and that fought the forces of evil, including demons, warlocks, evil witches, and dark wizards and so on. In this show, the city was always in the background. Although it wasnt shot in San Francisco, the filming locations tried to give the sensation of San Francisco. Also, there were many scenes featuring the Golden Gate Bridge and taking place in it. One other example for such a show is the show Full House, which told the story of a widower named Danny Tanner who is raising his three young daughters with

Indo American Relations Cold War Crisis History Essay

Indo American Relations Cold War Crisis History Essay Abstract: This extended essay deals with the Indo-American relationship during the Cold War. It deals with Indias foreign policies and its direct effect on the U.S. The foreign policies implemented by India during the Cold War deteriorated its relationship with America by increasing political and social tensions. This investigation will deal with the outcomes of Indias foreign policies and will continue to answer the question: To what extent did the foreign policies implemented by India deteriorate social and political relations with the U.S during the Cold war? The scope of this assessment is restricted between the years of 1947-1979. It will analyze the negative effects of Indias foreign policies on the Indo-American relationship. In order to conduct this investigation, Americas retaliation policies will be analyzed as well. Indias relationship with other countries such as Pakistan and the Soviet Union will be mentioned only if relevant to the Indo-American relationship. The policies of countries such as Pakistan and the Soviet Union will not be evaluated. Sources by Kissinger, Christover Van Hollen, Sumit Ganguly, as well as Srinivas Chary will be used to enhance this essay. At the end of this investigation, it will be clear that Indias foreign policies were the direct cause of the cold relationship between India and America. It will be proven that Indias policies caused tensions to rise between the two nations, ultimately leading to the worst point in Indo-American history. Introduction Benito Mussolini once said O con noi o contro di noi translated in English to Youre either with us or against us. His statement reverberated through the decades, and remained relevant in the foreign policy of the nations entangled in the Cold War. Shortly after gaining independence in 1947, India was amidst a brewing Cold War between capitalism and socialism, the U.S and the Soviet Union. India being a new nation, implemented a number of foreign policies to increase its image on the world stage. This essay will investigate the extent to which the foreign policies implemented by India deteriorated social and political relations with the U.S during the Cold War. Initially this essay will analyze the negative effects of Indias Nonalignment movement on the relationship between the two countries. Furthermore, the Indo-Soviet Treaty of 1971 implemented by Indira Gandhi, led to political complications between the presidents and further deteriorated conditions between the nations. Finally In dias Peaceful Nuclear Explosion of 1974 did not aid in improving relations with America but instead allowed for social tensions to rise between the countries. The foreign policies implemented by India during the Cold War allowed political and social tensions to increase between India and the U.S. This paper will investigate foreign policies adopted by India, as well as some foreign policies adopted by America. The views of the presidents will be evaluated in relation to the foreign policies and their effects. This essay will mention other significant nations to the relationship between India and the U.S, but will not discuss their foreign policies. This essay will only mention events prior to 1947 for historical background, but will not analyze the relationship between India and America prior to it. Events after the year 1979 will not be analyzed as well. A variety of sources and historians with different views and backgrounds were used to aid this investigation. One of the sources is The Eagle and the Peacock: U.S. Foreign Policy toward India since Independence, by Srinivas M. Chary. The other source is THE TRANSFORMATION OF U.S.-INDIA RELATIONS: An Explanation for the Rapprochement and Prospects for the Future by Sumit Ganguly and Paul Kapur. Historical Context Indias relationship with the United States on a grand scale can be seen as a strategic necessity for both nations, initially tracing all the way back to the late 18th century. In 1794, the Jays Treaty (of 1794) was signed between America and England; this treaty authorized trade between America and India.  [1]  The American Mahratta Mission was set up in 1815, missionary activists provided help by establishing schools and providing food to the poverty-stricken areas. The number of missionaries in India rose from 139 in 1885 to 2478 in 1922.  [2]  During the late 19th century to mid 20th century the bond between the two nations improved, in Stephen P Hays words The writings of Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman and of the Sanskritists Hopkins, Lanman and Whitney helped instill in 19th century Americans a respect for Indias cultural heritage.  [3]  In 1893, Swami Vivek Anands words My brothers and sisters of America earned him respect and applause from the World Parliament of Religi ons in Chicago.  [4]  In WWII Britain allowed Americans to use India as a base of operations against Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbour. India received many American products during wartime through Americas Lend-Lease program, India also provided goods to America in pursuance of its reciprocal-aid program.  [5]  During the 1946 Food Famine in India Americans formed the India Famine Emergency Committee(IFEC) with Pearl S. Buck as chairperson in order to achieve acceptance of the principle of equity in relief shipments to Europe and Asia and to ensure the allocation of needed supplies to India by the United States.  [6]   America after ww2 was in an active Cold War with the Soviet Unions. Americans were against Communism, which the Soviets strongly preached. Hence they came up with the policy of containment  [7]  in order to prevent the spread of Communism. India being a relatively new country in 1947 surrounded by Communist nations, spread fear for in America. Therefore to stop the spread of Communism, America got itself involved in the events happening in South Asia during the Cold War, which led to many complications. Argument 1: Initially the relationship between America and India continued to thrive even after Indias independence on August 15th 1947. Harry S. Truman, the President of America at that time, sent a telegram to India which stated, I earnestly hope that our friendship will in future, as in the past, continue to be expressed in close and fruitful cooperation in international undertakings and in cordiality in our relations one with the other.  [8]  In response to the telegram, The Prime Minister of India responded by saying, May I also say that all of us in India know very well, although it might not be so known in public, what great interest President Roosevelt had in our countrys freedom and how he exercised his great influence to that end.  [9]  This strong relationship was short-lived, as the Cold War brought differences in the nations policies that caused them to drift apart. After gaining independence on August 15th 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru became the first prime minister of India and viewed a future for India as one of world powers. To pursue his dream he believed that India should adopt a non-alignment policy. A non-alignment policy keeps a nation from having a political or military alliance with any major super power, this later came to be known as the Non-aligned movement in 1961 which grouped nations which had adopted the non-alignment policy. On December 4th 1947 Nehru declared, We have proclaimed during this past year that we will not attach ourselves to any particular group. That has nothing to do with neutrality or anything else or passivity. If there is a big war, there is no particular reason why we should jump into it. Nevertheless, it is a little difficult nowadays in world wars to be neutral. . . . We are not going to join a war if we can help it and we are going to join the side which is to our interest when the choice comes to it.  [10]  Jawaharlal Nehru was a prominent advocate of this movement. Americans were disappointed by this decision o f India, as they felt they were a relatively new and weak country, they also feared that they can be influenced by the Communist countries around them.  [11]  Indias neighbours were China and the Soviet Union, who were both followers of communism, the U.S feared that the distance between India and the other two nations was much closer than India and the U.S, which would cause India to look at the Soviets or the Chinese for political or economical assistance. The annexation of Kashmir took place in 1947 by Pakistan. Kashmir then relied on India to get rid of the Pakistani raiders from Kashmir on the condition that Kashmir becomes Indian Territory. After successfully driving away most of the Pakistani raiders the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru took this issue to the United Nations (U.N.) on January 1st 1948. At the U.N. the United States were unwilling to declare Pakistan the aggressor despite its attack on a neutral nation, which was now a part of India, the decision of the United States was highly criticized in India.  [12]  America understood the significance of Pakistan to its strategic plans of planting military bases around the Communist nations. Pakistan permitted Washington to have a military base in Pakistan to eavesdrop on the Soviets, Pakistanis in return received considerable economic and military assistance from the Americans  [13]  . Geographically, Pakistan was closer to the Communist nations of China and the Soviet Union than America itself, having military bases in Pakistan would reduce the threat of Communism taking over South Asia. The Americans trusted Pakistan rather than India due to Pakistan supporting Americas containment policy. Pakistan participated in programs such as the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), both these organizations were anti-communist military alliances. Hence it became interested in helping Pakistan in the affairs of Kashmir during the direct negotiations between India and Pakistan (1953-1956).  [14]  Also during the negotiations, the U.S granted Pakistan military aid.  [15]  This stopped the negotiations for a while, and made it clear that U.S was not looking for a solution to the Kashmir issue which favoured India. Instead America proposed a plebiscite to be taken which was opposed by India. During the Kashmir issue, the Soviet Union supported India and vetoed the decision for the plebiscite on J une 22nd 1962.  [16]  The U.S now felt that the Indian policy of non-alignment was not being upheld, and India was leaning toward the Russians, they were threatened by the shift in sides. The U.S press criticized the Indians for the stalemate over the Kashmir issue publishing an editorial in The New York Tribune entitled India Hides behind Russias Veto, which put the entire blame on India for stalling the decision to be made on the future of Kashmir.  [17]  The fight for Kashmir was not over yet, in 1965 a war was fought between India and Pakistan over the issue of Kashmir, this was also called the Second Kashmir war, the first happening in 1947. During this war, Pakistan was armed by American weapons. Pakistan liberally used weapons including Sabre Jets and Panton Tanks which were provided by America.  [18]  Though Pakistan initiated the war of 1965, the U.S again never admitted to Pakistan being the aggressor, and on the other hand it blamed both India and Pakistan of weapon misuse.  [19]  Although eventually the war was lost by Pakistan, suspicions increased amongst Indian citizens over the supply of American weapons to Pakistan. M. Srinivas Chary, a professor at the New School University for Social Research in New York City, who has attained a Ph.D from Kansas State University, states that the war of 1965 reduced the hopes of an improvement between Indo-American relationships.  [20]   Indias affinity of the Soviet Union was not only due to strategic reasons, but as well as subjective preferences. Russias economic success impressed Indias Prime Minister who had socialist tendencies, he also resented Americas free-market capitalism.  [21]  Nehru believed that the key to gaining economic success was by eliminating the difference between the rich and the poor by socialist methods, and that capitalism does not achieve that goal  [22]  . Indias relationship with the Soviet Union strengthened when they sided with the Soviets over controversial issues such as the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and Afghanistan in 1979, India denied that Eastern Blocs military capabilities endangered Western Europe.  [23]  Therefore Indias non-aligned frustrated the Americans and became a nuisance as they criticized the Indian government for siding with the Soviets in significant ways. Indias co-operation with the Soviets was perceived by Americans as an attempt to un dermine their power.  [24]  Indias support of Americas arch rival, Soviet Union, and Americas support of Indias arch-rival, Pakistan increased social tensions between the countries and instilled fear in the citizens against each other. The non-alignment policy of India initiated a cat and mouse game between the two nations throughout the majority of the Cold War. Argument 2: The Indo-Soviet treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation implemented by Indira Gandhi in 1971 allowed political tensions to reach a maximum between America and India. The Soviet Foreign Minister, Andrei A. Gromyko, flew to New Delhi on August 8th 1971 to meet Indias minister for External Affairs, Swam Singh. Together the next day they signed a twenty year pact of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation.  [25]  This treaty brought India and the Soviet Union closer than ever, and pushed India and America further apart, the two countries promised to aid each other in the event of a perceived military threat.  [26]  The treaty proposed that India and the Soviets maintain contacts on major global issues, and take effective steps in order to keep peace and security of both the countries, and to develop friendship and good-neighbourly relations with each other  [27]  . The pact was strong enough in deterring any country to declare war on either Russia or India. This was the bigge st deviation from Indias non-alignment policies of 1947. M Srinivas Chary believes that this treaty ended Indias non-alignment movement completely. Americans criticized the Indian Government and felt threatened by the Indians being friendly with the Soviets. The Nixon government felt that this policy endangered the subcontinent of a future warzone.  [28]  To the Indian government the U.S appeared to be strongly linked with China and Pakistan, whereas for the American government, India was evidently associated with the Soviet Union.  [29]  Nixons policy of the Sino-American rapprochement, and Americas assistance of Pakistan in the past, made India suspicious, whereas the Indo-Soviet treaty of 1971 got America worried. Indira Gandhi, the prime minister of India at that time confirmed that the non-alignment policy was still intact, and the treaty was in accordance with the non-alignment policy.  [30]  In November 1971, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi traveled to Washington to ask for the assistance of the U.S government, for the necessities of the refugees who had come to India from East Pakistan  [31]  . Indira Gandhi attempted to persuade Nixon that India was trying its best possible to not engage in a war with Pakistan. At the same time the burden of caring for 9.6 million refugees was more than India could bear.  [32]  Nixon gave her a cold reception. According to Kissinger the conversations between Nixon and Indira Gandhi turned into a classic dialogue of the deaf.  [33]  The two leaders failed to listen to one another not because they did not understand each other but because they understood each other too well.  [34]  After the unsuccessful meeting with Indira Gandhi, President Richard Nixon stated We really slobbered over the old witch his national security advisor Henry Kissinger responded saying The Indians are bastards anywayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they are starting a war there. Nixon responded saying, While she was a bitch, we got what we wanted too. She will not be able to go home and say that the United States didnt give her a warm reception and therefore in despair shes got to go to war.  [35]  Nixons use of inappropriate language toward a prime minister portrays the amount of hate and political tension between the two nations. Instead of solving a looming war in South Asia, Nixon sanctioned a $40 million parcel of weapons to Islamabad, this allowed for political tensions to rise between the two presidents, Srinivas Chary criticizes Nixon for being prejudiced against India.  [36]  Indira Gandhis plea for help was unheard of, and Nixons decision to help arm Pakistan was seen as a direct insult to the Indian government.  [37]  Nixon was ready to engage in a war with India indirectly, the political and social tensions reached a maximum by the end of 1971. Henry Kissinger commented that Ms. Gandhi and Nixon would never be congenial, he stated Her assumption of almost hereditary moral superiority and he r moody silence brought out all of Nixons latest insecurities. Her bearing toward Nixon combined a disdain for a symbol of capitalism quite fashionable in developing countries with a hint that the obnoxious things she heard about the President from her intellectual friends could not all be untrue. Nixons comments after meetings with her were not always printable.  [38]  Senator Kennedy criticized Nixon and Kissinger for their actions toward India he states We have made her [India] the scapegoat of our frustrations and failures and often the bankruptcy of our policy toward Pakistan.  [39]  In spite of the criticism Nixon was persistent with his pro-Pakistani policy. Nixon was unwilling to better the relationship with India due to his paranoia of communism taking over South Asia. As the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 drew closer, the tensions increased between the two nations. While the Soviets were on Indias side of the war, Pakistan had America. The dramatic and highly controversial dispatch of the nuclear-powered carrier U.S.S. Enterprise to the Bay of Bengal further damaged the U.S. relationship with India.  [40]  The Americans publicized that this action was taken in order to ensure the safe evacuation of Americans in East Pakistan. But the real motive was to indicate U.S. concern regarding the continued integrity of Pakistan. Kissinger, in his book the White House Years, declared that the motivation was to give emphasis to our warnings against an attack on West Pakistan and to have forces in place in case the Soviet Union pressured China. The task force did not enter the Bay of Bengal until mid-December.  [41]  By this point in time Americans who persisted on parting from East Pakistan had been evacuated, and the Indo-Pakistan war was coming to an end. The task force never came close to the shores of East Bengal. In the words of Christopher V an Hollen, deputy assistant secretary for Near Eastern and South Asian affairs in 1971: There is no indication that the Enterprise deployment had any immediate political or military impact of events in South Asia   [42]  .The Enterprise affair led to aggressive demonstrations against Nixon in India. It marked the low point of Indo-American relations and the scars formed never left the minds of the Indians. For the first time many Indians saw the United States as a major hazard to the safety of India because the dispatch of Enterprise might escalate a local war into a much larger and more serious conflagration.  [43]  Nixons policies during the conflict had little effect on the result, although they did contribute to create a good deal of bitterness and alarm in India, the United States, and elsewhere. It exacerbated the strained U.S. relations with India, the Soviet Union, and even Pakistan, for the latter had expected far more from the task force than a temporary show of fo rce in the Bay of Bengal. In conclusion, the Enterprise sent in to the Bay of Bengal only managed to place distrust and anger in the minds of the Indians. Argument 3 The strained relationship between America and India declined even further due to Indias Peaceful Nuclear Explosion in 1974. Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India in 1966, work began on the nuclear program.  [44]  On 7 September 1972, Indira Gandhi authorized the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) to manufacture a nuclear device and prepare it for a test.  [45]  Finally on May 18th of 1974, Indira Gandhi gave a green signal and India conducted an underground peaceful nuclear explosion in a Rajasthan desert, unofficially codenamed Smiling Buddha (Pokhran-I).  [46]  This was Indias first nuclear test and was received with immediate disapproval by the American government especially since it provided India with heavy water.  [47]  The Soviet Union on the other hand kept quiet on the matter. The Nuclear test by India was not at all viewed as peaceful by the Americans. They were worried of India becoming a threat, as it was the first country out of the Security Council to conduct a Nuclear Explosion. In retaliation to the test performed by India, America stopped providing enriched Uranium for the Tarapore Plant, as provided under the bilateral agreement of 1963. In 1975 America lifted a 10 year old arms embargo against the sale of lethal weapons to South Asia.  [48]  This increased suspicion and doubt in the minds of the Indians, as they believed America might again start supplying weapons to Indias sworn nemesis, Pakistan. The Indians feared of an incident such as the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 again. The Americans on the other hand were outraged by Indias nuclear test; they were threatened by the actions of India and wanted to be prepared in case of any emergency. Due to this policy by the Americans, the Indians had cancelled the scheduled meeting of its External Aff airs Minister to the U.S.  [49]  A chance of improving the relationship between America and India was lost due to Indias nuclear policy. Following Indias peaceful nuclear explosion America decided to make South Asia a part of its Non-proliferation efforts, a non proliferation treaty is a treaty which prevents the spread of Nuclear weapons and promotes the use of peaceful nuclear energy. It did this by creating legislation such as the 1978 Nuclear Nonproliferation Act, the Pressler Amendment, and the Symington Amendment; these were created in order to prevent India from getting Nuclear Weapons.  [50]  In India, the people highly criticized this policy of the Americans. It was viewed as hypocritical and discriminatory. India questioned that if nuclear deterrence was working in the West, why could it not work in South Asia.  [51]  Nuclear deterrence is a military doctrine that deters the use of nuclear weapons as long as it can be destroyed. India found it unfair that while other countries were conducting nuclear tests, including America, why its nuclear test was looked down upon. It was so deeply resented that e ven 20 years after in 1998, the foreign minister of India, Jaswant Singh, marked the 1978 Nuclear Proliferation treaty nuclear apartheid.  [52]   Conclusion Indias foreign policies from1947 through 1979 deteriorated Indo-American relations by increasing political and social tensions. Jawaharlal Nehrus socialist ideology and non-alignment movement initiated the downhill path for the relations between the two nations. The Indo-Soviet treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation in 1971 led to political tensions between the Indira Gandhi and Richard Nixon. Indias Peaceful Nuclear Explosion caused further complications as it increased social tensions as well as political tensions between the two nations. My enemies enemy is my friend is a quote by Sun Tzu is a concept which is clearly reflected throughout Indias relationship with America during the Cold War. Word Count 3571

Essay --

1. MEANING OF FINAL ACCOUNTS â€Å"Final accounts refers to the final statements of accounts prepared in order to ascertain and report the result of the financial activities of a business†[Accounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, page no.85]. Trial balance establishes the accuracy of books of accounts. After preparing the trial balance, preparing final accounts is the next step. It includes Balance sheet, Profit and Loss account and Trading account. The Balance sheet would gives the financial position of the business, the Profit and loss account gives the net profit or loss earned and that of Trading account gives the gross profit earned or gross loss incurred. At the end of the accounting year organization prepare final accounts to find out the financial position of the organization. i.e. Profit or Loss. 2. TRADING ACCOUNT â€Å"Trading accounting is an account prepared to ascertain the trading result of a business i.e.; the gross profit earned or gross loss incurred from buying and selling of goods during a particular period. The excess of net sales [total sales less returns] over cost of goods sold is termed as gross profit. When the cost of goods sold is more than the net sales, the difference is termed as gross loss. The gross profit or loss is transferred to profit and loss account.†[Accounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, page no.85]. Form of trading a/c:- TRADING ACCOUNT OF ____________ For the year ending†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Dr. Cr. Particulars Amount(Rs.) Particulars Amount(Rs.) To Opening Stock To purchases ... ...transfer Net loss Capital a/c Dr. 4. BALANCE SHEET A balance sheet is defined as a statement drawn upon a given date, generally at the end of each accounting year, to measure the exact financial position of a business, setting for the various assets and liabilities of the concern at this date†. On the left hand side of the balance sheet, the liabilities and capital are shown. On the right hand side, all the assets are shown .Therefore, the two sides of a balance sheet must always be equal. Otherwise, there is an error somewhere in the books of accounts. A properly drawn up balance sheet gives information relating to(a)the nature and value of asset;(b)the nature and extent of liabilities;(c)whether the firm is solvent ;and(d)whether the firm is over trading in short, it explains the financial condition of the concern.